Working Principle

1. Collection & Equalization
Effluent from process or production areas first enters a Collection Tank, where flow and load variations are balanced.
This step ensures a steady and uniform influent to the treatment system, preventing hydraulic shocks and improving overall system stability.
2. Salt Dosing (TDS Adjustment)
A small amount of salt solution (NaCl) is added to maintain electrical conductivity (~800 ppm), enabling efficient current flow in the electrochemical reactor.
This helps optimize coagulant generation and oxidation reactions inside the EC/EO unit.
3. Electrocoagulation (EC)
In this stage, wastewater passes through a specially designed electrocoagulation cell.
When electric current is applied to metal electrodes (usually aluminum or iron), coagulant species like metal hydroxides are generated in situ.
These ions destabilize suspended solids, emulsified oils, inks, and colloidal particles, allowing them to form microflocs.
Outcome: The water’s turbidity and color are drastically reduced — with minimal chemical usage.
4. Electrooxidation (EO)
The partially clarified water moves into the Electrooxidation chamber, where a controlled electrical current oxidizes dissolved organic compounds, dyes, and recalcitrant pollutants.
Through direct and indirect oxidation, complex chemicals are broken down into simpler, biodegradable, or harmless forms (CO₂ and water).
Result: COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and color levels drop significantly, producing clear, odorless water.
5. pH Regulation & Polymer Flocculation
After EC/EO, the water’s pH is adjusted (~8.0) using lime or another mild alkaline agent, creating an ideal condition for floc formation.
A high-efficiency polymer flocculant is then dosed to bind fine particles into larger, heavier flocs — making them easy to settle in the next stage.
6. Lamella Clarification
The flocculated water enters a Lamella Clarifier, a compact inclined-plate settling unit.
Here, flocs settle by gravity while clean water rises upward.
The lamella design provides high settling efficiency in a smaller footprint, and settled sludge is periodically discharged to a drying bed.
Outcome: Clarified water free of suspended solids and turbidity.
7. Disinfection (Hypochlorite Dosing)
To ensure microbial safety, sodium hypochlorite is dosed into the clarified water.
This step disinfects the water, reducing pathogens and preventing biological growth in downstream tanks or pipelines.
8. Ultrafiltration (UF)
Finally, the treated water passes through Ultrafiltration membranes, which remove microscopic impurities, colloids, and bacteria that may remain after clarification.
This ensures a high degree of purification, producing water suitable for discharge or non-potable reuse such as floor washing, gardening, or cooling applications.

Simplified Process Flow
Collection & Equalization → Salt Dosing → EC → EO → pH Correction & Polymer Dosing → Lamella Clarifier → Hypochlorite Dosing → Ultrafiltration → Discharge / Reuse

What Makes HERFOM-CS Different

• No culture dependency – Works even after shutdowns

• Chemical use reduced by up to 70% compared to traditional ETPs

• Compact footprint – Up to 50% smaller space requirement

• Automated control system with minimal operator attention

• High and consistent treatment quality even with variable loads